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NOTE This is an edition of the TekTERM documentation produced for release with a commercial version, V2.26. Although it covers many more features than are available with V1.80, some of the doc- ument is applicable. For complete information on the latest release of TekTERM, please write to us at TekTERM Development 1700 Hollindale Drive Alexandria, VA 22306 TEKTERM VERSION 2.26 EDITION 2.26 -- MAY 1986 ------------------------------------------------------------ This program is not copy protected. The distribution diskette may be duplicated for archival purposes only. This software may be freely moved from one computer to another or used by more than one person; however, the program cannot be executed on two different machines by two different people at the same time. WARRANTY ------------------------------------------------------------ The included media (diskette and documentation) are war- ranted to be complete and free from defects for a period of 30 days following the date of purchase. Defective or incom- plete media will be replaced by the author during the war- ranty period if the original package is returned. There is no other warranty, express or implied, including, but not limited to, the fitness of this software for a par- ticular purpose. In no event shall the author be liable for any loss of profit or damages. COPYRIGHT ------------------------------------------------------------ This program and the included documentation are * Copyright 1986 by Greg Sherman. All rights reserved. The documenta- tion and diskette should not be copied in any way or by any method (except for archival purposes) without first contact- ing the author. TekTERM Development 1700 Hollindale Drive Alexandria, Virginia 22306 i PREFACE ------------------------------------------------------------ This reference manual describes the operation of the TekTERM Terminal Emulation Program on an IBM PC or compatible com- puter. In addition to describing the capabilities of the program and its hardware requirements, this documentation provides the following specific information: o How to set communication parameters and oper- ate your PC as a terminal. o How to connect to mainframe operating systems including DEC VAX/VMS and IBM VM/CMS. o How to save graphics screen images to a disk file and how to retrieve these files for dis- play at a later time. o How to configure TekTERM for a particular host system. This manual assumes you are familiar with the PC-DOS operat- ing system and that you have had experience working with a mainframe computer. You should know how to log onto the host computer as individual systems will have different log-on procedures. FILES ON YOUR TEKTERM DISKETTE ------------------------------------------------------------ The following files must be on your TekTERM program diskette in order for TekTERM to operate properly: TEK.EXE This is the TekTERM pro- gram executable file. TTUTIL.COM This program is the TekTERM picture file man- ager. TT.CFG This is the default TekTERM configuration file. This file is not required; however, stor- ing your most common con- figuration parameters in this file will make TekTERM more convenient to use. Refer to "Re- cording A Configuration File" on page 10 to see Preface ii how to create or modify TT.CFG. The following configuration files are also included on the TekTERM distribution diskette. These files contain the con- figuration parameters typically used for the specified com- munication interfaces: VAXMODEM.CFG dial-up communication with VAX/VMS. VAXLOCAL.CFG high speed local network communication with VAX/VMS. CMSMODEM.CFG dial-up communication with VM/CMS. CMSLOCAL.CFG high speed local network communication with VM/CMS. Preface iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1. TekTERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Preparing A Working Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4 Differences From V2.20 to V2.26 . . . . . . . . . 3 Section 2. Configuring TekTERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1 Creating Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Recording A Configuration File . . . . . . . . . 10 2.3 Programming the Function Keys . . . . . . . . . 10 Section 3. Running TekTERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.1 Connecting to the Host Computer . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 Operating as a Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Section 4. Tektronix 4010 Keyboard Definition . . . . . 15 4.1 Function Key Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2 Tektronix Key Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Section 5. VT100 Keyboard Definition . . . . . . . . . 19 5.1 Function Key Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.2 VT100 Key Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.3 VAX EDT Key Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Section 6. TekTERM APL Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Section 7. Picture File Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 7.1 TTUTIL - The Picture File Manager . . . . . . . 26 7.2 Recalling Picture Files . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 7.3 Printing a Picture File . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Appendix A. Using TekTERM with VM/CMS . . . . . . . . . 28 A.1 Specifying your Default Configuration File . . . 28 A.2 Logging On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 A.3 Defining the Character Delete Key . . . . . . . 28 A.4 Listing the Files on Your Userid . . . . . . . . 29 A.5 Creating or Modifying Files in Line Mode . . . . 29 Appendix B. Using TekTERM With VAX/VMS . . . . . . . . 30 B.1 Using Tektronix Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 B.2 Using VT100 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Appendix C. Tektronix Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Appendix D. VT100 Escape Sequences . . . . . . . . . . 33 Appendix E. About TekTERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Appendix F. PROBLEM REPORT FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Table of Contents iv SECTION 1. TEKTERM ------------------------------------------------------------ 1.1 INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------ The TekTERM package allows an IBM Personal Computer with graphics capabilities to emulate Tektronix model 4010 graph- ics terminal and the DEC VT100 ANSI terminal. Users who are familiar with the keyboard, design, and functions of these terminals should have little trouble using to TekTERM. VM/CMS(1) and VAX/VMS users who are unfamiliar with Tektronix terminals should refer to "Appendix A. Using TekTERM with VM/CMS" on page 28 and "Appendix B. Using TekTERM With VAX/VMS" on page 30 for supplemental informa- tion. TekTERM will: o Accept all standard Tektronix protocols for displaying graphic data. o Accept most ANSI (X3.64-1977) and DEC private control sequences for full-screen emulation. o Emulate the GIN (Graphic Input) functions of the Tektronix 4010. o Save graphic images to diskette for off-line recall. o Record multiple configurations for operation in different environments. o Give on-line help and key descriptions. o Transmit a true hardware Break signal to the host. o Allow user definition of the backspace key. o Display the full APL character set. o Snoop mode makes control characters visible. o Programmable function keys. ---------------- 1 VM, CMS, and XEDIT are registered trademarks of IBM Cor- poration - Boca Raton, Florida. Section 1. TekTERM 1 o Interrupt driven communications for fast throughput. o Plus many other features. If you are familiar with graphics programming on a mainframe system, you'll appreciate that TekTERM is compatible with the Tektronix PLOT-10, AGII, and TCS libraries, as well as with the Interactive Graphics Package (IGP).(2) TekTERM will allow you to operate most graphics-oriented packages includ- ing PREVIEW and SAS/Graph. TekTERM will also operate with VAX GKS/0b Graphics Kernel System device type 72, Tektronix GKS as device type 401000, and other GKS implementations. In VT100 mode, TekTERM functions as a full-screen oriented, ANSI compatible terminal. Programs such as the EDT screen editor from VAX/VMS will operate in this mode.(3) 1.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------ The following hardware is needed in order to use TekTERM with VM/CMS, VAX/VMS or similar systems. o An IBM PC, Portable PC, XT, or AT with 64 KB memory and one diskette drive (two are recom- mended for picture file capture). o An IBM color/graphics display adapter and dis- play. (The amber display of the Portable PC is acceptable). o An asynchronous communications adapter and a data communications device. This device can be an internal or external modem, or a local area network connection. o PC-DOS Version 2.0 or higher. Note: The modem or other communication device you use should be able to operate in a full duplex mode. That means it must be able to transmit and receive data simultaneously. (The duplex of your modem is not related to the duplex set- ting of the terminal or of the host computer). Most modems are full duplex. ---------------- 2 TCS, PLOT-10, AGII, and IGP are registered trademarks of Tektronix Corporation - Beaverton, Oregon. 3 DEC, EDT, VAX, VMS, and VT are registered trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation - Maynard, Massachusetts. Section 1. TekTERM 2 1.3 PREPARING A WORKING DISK ------------------------------------------------------------ The TekTERM program diskette is not copy protected. Before using TekTERM, you should make a working copy of your pro- gram diskette. You can do this by placing a new, unformat- ted diskette in drive B and your DOS system disk in drive A. Then type FORMAT B:/S <cr> (4) and respond to the prompts. When the formatting is com- plete, place your TekTERM program diskette in drive A. Type COPY *.* B: <cr> to transfer the TekTERM files to your new diskette. Your working program diskette is now ready and should be used ex- clusively. Your master disk should be stored safely. If your PC is equipped with a hard disk, it may be conven- ient to copy the TekTERM files onto the hard disk. 1.4 DIFFERENCES FROM V2.20 TO V2.26 ------------------------------------------------------------ These refinements have been made in the past few releases of TekTERM. 1. The DECSTBM control sequence was improperly handled when it contained illegal parameters. If parameters for this sequence do not conform to the rules specified by DEC, the entire sequence is disregarded. 2. The F10 key no longer provides an exit from the program. The previous F10 exit function was replaced by Alt-X. This change was made to eliminate accidental exits caused by pressing the F10 key twice in succession. 3. Function keys may now be programmed with a sequence of up to 60 characters. Refer to "Programming the Function Keys" on page 10 for details of this new feature. 4. An automatic XON/XOFF protocol has been invoked to pre- vent communication buffer overflow. Although overflow ---------------- 4 Throughout this manual, the enter or return key (large key to the left of the 4 and 7 keys of the numeric keypad, <--+ on the standard IBM PC keyboard) will be represented by [ENTER] or <cr>. Section 1. TekTERM 3 has not been a reported problem, this feature will im- prove program performance in a number of ways. 5. Print logging has been added to TekTERM in conjunction with the XON/XOFF protocol. The Ctrl-PrtSC combination toggles an attached printer on and off for logging of the terminal session. 6. Bugs in the function key editing screen have been fixed. Section 1. TekTERM 4 SECTION 2. CONFIGURING TEKTERM ------------------------------------------------------------ The TekTERM program is easy to learn and operate. The main program consists of two parts: configuration and terminal emulation. 2.1 CREATING CONFIGURATION FILES ------------------------------------------------------------ Each host system or communications connection requires a specific terminal configuration. Although TekTERM manages most of the configuration through its default settings, there are some parameters that must be set by the user in order for communication to be successful. To configure TekTERM, start the main program by placing your working TekTERM disk in drive A and entering: TEK <cr> at the A> prompt. In a moment, the main TekTERM screen will be displayed: ------------------------------------------------------------ T e k T E R M V 2.26 Tektronix 4010 and DEC VT100 Emulation for the IBM PC No. 0A0000000 Copyright (C) 1986 Greg Sherman Alt-S: Set Up Alt-L: Load Alt-C: Connect Alt-X: Exit ------------------------------------------------------------ Configuration File: TT.CFG ------------------------------------------------------------ Note that the default configuration file is TT.CFG. TekTERM will automatically load this configuration file if it re- sides in the same directory as the TekTERM program. Section 2. Configuring TekTERM 5 To modify your configuration, enter an Alt-S combination (hold down the Alt key then press S). The screen will change to display: ------------------------------------------------------------ Parameter Selection Menu Baud 300 Graphics Cursor BLOCK Parity NONE Text Cursor BLOCK Data Bits 7 Key Click OFF Stop Bits 1 Gin Terminate <cr> Duplex FULL Text Color BLUE Communication Port COM1: Graphics Color BLUE Backspace Sends <del> Alt-C: Connect Alt-S: Save Alt-F: Fkeys Alt-X: Exit ------------------------------------------------------------ Configuration File: TT.CFG ------------------------------------------------------------ To select a parameter, use the up and down arrow keys on the right side of the PC keyboard. To adjust the parameter, press the large + key located on the far right side of the keyboard (this rotates through the possible choices). These are the parameters that can be adjusted: Baud Rate The baud rate of your terminal refers to the speed at which data is transferred between TekTERM and the host computer. Baud trans- lates to "bits per sec- ond"; valid values are 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600. Your baud rate setting is a func- tion of your communi- cations device (i.e. your modem or local area network con- nection) and must be adjusted accordingly. Parity Parity is an error- checking protocol which involves setting a par- ticular bit in each Section 2. Configuring TekTERM 6 character as the parity bit. To avoid cor- rupted data, the parity of TekTERM should be matched to the host. The parity checking protocol will not cor- rect transmission prob- lems, but TekTERM will inform you if a charac- ter error has taken place. Data Bits The data bit setting of your system refers to the number of bits that will form a word of data for transmission. While most asynchronous terminals will use a setting of 7, certain binary systems will re- quire for a setting of 8. Stop Bits The stop bit protocol allows both TekTERM and the host system to rec- ognize the start and end of a data word. The normal setting is 1. Duplex Duplex refers to the ability of your host computer to send and receive data simultane- ously. In general, a full duplex system will take all of the infor- mation it receives and echo it back to the terminal; a half du- plex system will not. When TekTERM is operat- ing at FULL duplex, it waits for the echoed characters before plac- ing them on the termi- nal display. When it operates at HALF du- plex, TekTERM places the character on your screen as you type it. Section 2. Configuring TekTERM 7 (If you see double characters on the screen after having logged on, you probably need to change duplex setting). VAX/VMS sys- tems should be set to FULL, VM/CMS systems should be set to HALF for line mode opera- tion. Communications Port TekTERM needs to know which port contains your communications de- vice (i.e. your internal modem or asyn- chronous communications adapter). PC-DOS will allow you to configure two such devices, de- fined as COM1 and COM2. The default TekTERM setting is COM1. Graphics Cursor The cursor that appears while TekTERM is in graphics mode may be set to a block (BLOCK), to an underline (LINE), or to invisible (NONE). The cursor is visible while TekTERM is dis- playing text or drawing vectors. There is no speed advantage with any of the choices. Text Cursor The cursor that appears while TekTERM is in text mode may be set to a block (BLOCK) or an underline (LINE). The text cursor adjustment affects both VT100 and Tektronix modes. There is no speed advantage with any of the choices. Key Click DEC terminals are able to produce an audible key click. This is useful for editing if a Section 2. Configuring TekTERM 8 cursor control key must be held down to auto- repeat. The key click informs you everytime a code or sequence is sent to the host com- puter. Key click also operates in Tektronix mode. Gin Terminate The Tektronix Graphics Input (GIN) mode allows a terminal user to send graphic data to the host during certain graphics applications. Because TekTERM sup- ports GIN mode, it needs to know what character your host system requires to mark the termination of graphics input. The default setting is <cr> (carriage return); most systems accept this character. Text Color TekTERM allows you to set the color of the text displayed on the screen to whatever you find most comfortable. Graphics Color Setting this parameter will set the color for operation in graphics mode. Backspace Sends The two most common characters for sending a destructive backspace (or rub-out) to a host system are ASCII 8 (backspace) and ASCII 127 (delete). VAX sys- tems accept ASCII 127 while VM/CMS will ac- cept any character as the delete Section 2. Configuring TekTERM 9 character.(5) To send an ASCII 8, this con- figuration parameter should be set to <bs>; to send an ASCII 127, this parameter should be set to <del>. 2.2 RECORDING A CONFIGURATION FILE ------------------------------------------------------------ Once the parameters have been set, they can be saved in a TekTERM configuration file. Press the Alt-S (Save) combina- tion and enter a file name at the prompt. The file name should be 8 characters or less in length. If you'd like to make the new configuration the default, enter TT as the name of the file at the prompt and then press [ENTER]. Do not enter a file extension; TekTERM automatically adds .CFG. If you would like to modify an existing configuration file, press Alt-L (Load). You will be prompted for the name of the file to be loaded. Use the up or down cursor keys to select the parameters you wish to change and the large + key on the right side of the keyboard to select the required pa- rameter value. Use the Alt-S option to re-save the file. To save it under its original name, you need only press the [ENTER] key in response to the prompt for a filename. To save the file under another name, enter the filename you wish to use and then press [ENTER]. 2.3 PROGRAMMING THE FUNCTION KEYS ------------------------------------------------------------ TekTERM allows you to assign an often used sequence of char- acters to a single key to reduce the number of required key- strokes. This feature is useful for logon sequences, dialing commands, and any other string of characters that you must normally enter individually. From the Parameter Selection Menu, selecting Alt-F brings up the Function Key Programming screen. The display appears as: ---------------- 5 For VM/CMS, the backspace is suggested. After logging on, enter the command CP TERM CHARDEL <--, where <-- is the backspace key. Section 2. Configuring TekTERM 10 ------------------------------------------------------------ Function Key Programming Alt-F1 = Alt-F2 = Alt-F3 = Alt-F4 = Alt-F5 = Alt-F6 = Alt-F7 = Alt-F8 = Alt-F9 = Alt-F10 = Alt-M: Main Screen ------------------------------------------------------------ Configuration File: TT.CFG ------------------------------------------------------------ Note the function key edit cursor next to the Alt-F1 posi- tion. The position of this cursor may be controlled by the up and down arrow keys (* *). Any printable ASCII character may be entered as part of the function key definition. In addition, you may place a car- riage return within the key definition by entering \c. For instance, if your host system requires you to enter your username and a password, you may wish to define Alt-F1 as username\cpassword\c Then, when prompted for a username, you need only press Alt-F1. While editing function keys, these keys have special edit functions: [*] Move the cursor one position to the left. [*] Move the cursor one position to the right. [Home] Move the cursor to the start of the key definition string. [End] Move the cursor to the end of the key definition string. [Del] Delete the character under the cur- sor. Section 2. Configuring TekTERM 11 [Ins] Toggles insert mode. [Backspace] Move the cursor left one position and delete the current character. All function key definitions are stored as part of the cur- rent configuration file. The configuration file may be stored by selecting Alt-M to return to the Parameter Se- lection Menu, then Alt-S as described above. Section 2. Configuring TekTERM 12 SECTION 3. RUNNING TEKTERM ------------------------------------------------------------ Before you start TekTERM, boot up the computer with a DOS system disk (DOS version 2.0 or higher) in drive A. (Your working disk will function as a DOS system disk as it has been formatted using the /S option; the original TekTERM master disk will not.) TekTERM should be in the A drive. Type TEK <cr> to start the TekTERM program. You should keep your TekTERM program diskette in the disk drive until you have connected with the host computer. When you first start TekTERM, the program searches drive A for the TT.CFG configuration file. If this file is not present on the A drive, the configuration parameters are set to the program default values illustrated on page 6. If TT.CFG is present, the configuration parameters are set to the values specified by this file. The TekTERM screen displays the configuration file that is currently in effect at the bottom of the screen. If TekTERM found TT.CFG, it displays this name. Otherwise, it displays NONE. You can call a different configuration file into mem- ory by pressing the Alt-L (Load) combination and entering the new configuration file name. You may modify the commu- nications parameters by selecting Alt-S (Set Up) as de- scribed previously. Note: After parameters have been modified, they do not need to be saved in order to take effect. 3.1 CONNECTING TO THE HOST COMPUTER ------------------------------------------------------------ When you've set the correct configuration parameters, you're ready to enter the TekTERM terminal operation mode Enter an Alt-C (Connect) combination to connect TekTERM to the commu- nications device: o If you've got an internal autodial modem, en- ter your modem dialing commands. o If you're using an external or acoustically coupled modem, dial and connect it now. o If you're connected to a local area network, the network prompt should appear. You should now be connected to the host system and may begin your logon procedure. If you don't get any response, check Section 3. Running TekTERM 13 that you've used the correct communication parameters, par- ticularly the baud rate. You can return to the TekTERM pa- rameter selection menu by pressing F10. 3.2 OPERATING AS A TERMINAL ------------------------------------------------------------ Once you've connected to the host system, TekTERM should be invisible to you. TekTERM will automatically switch into graphics mode when necessary and requires no additional set-up. TekTERM places a status line at the bottom of the display to inform you about communication errors and program settings. It is suppressed while TekTERM is in graphics mode. In 4010 mode, the status bar appears as TekTERM 2.26 4010 LC APPL BS = <del> F2: Help F10: Set Up while in VT100 mode it appears as TekTERM 2.26 VT100 LC APPL BS = <del> F7: Help F10: Set Up Section 3. Running TekTERM 14 SECTION 4. TEKTRONIX 4010 KEYBOARD DEFINITION ------------------------------------------------------------ 4.1 FUNCTION KEY DEFINITIONS ------------------------------------------------------------ The ten function keys on the left side of the PC keyboard have special functions in TekTERM Tektronix 4010 terminal emulation mode. They are defined as follows: F1 Page clears the screen and returns the screen to text mode. This key is equivalent to the Page or Reset key on the Tektronix 4010 and 4010-1 keyboard. F2 TekTERM Help displays the function key definitions. Any information currently on the screen is stored. The F2 key should not be pressed during transmission from the host as data may be lost or cor- rupted. F3 no function in this version of TekTERM. F4 APL Mode Toggle toggles TekTERM in and out of APL mode. See "Section 6. TekTERM APL Mode" on page 24 for details. F5 Snoop Mode Toggle is useful for debug- ging graphics pro- grams. While snoop mode is in effect, all non-printable charac- ters (ASCII 31 and be- low) are replaced by an equivalent mnemonic and will not produce their normal effects. F6 Backspace Define toggles the definition of the backspace key on the PC keyboard be- Section 4. Tektronix 4010 Keyboard Definition 15 tween ASCII 8 and ASCII 127 without re- turning to the set up screen. F7 Picture File Capture invokes the picture file capture feature for saving graphic im- ages to a disk. The operation of this key is discussed in "Sec- tion 7. Picture File Capture" on page 25. F8 No Scroll sends an XOFF charac- ter to the host and data transmission is paused. Pressing F8 again will send an XON to the host and resume transmission. TekTERM will display NO SCROLL on the status line to warn you that trans- mission has been in- terrupted. Note:Note: The Ctrl-S/Ctrl-Q combina- tion performs the same function as the no scroll key and will also display the NO SCROLL status message. F9 VT100 clears the display and changes TekTERM to VT100 mode. F10 Set Up returns TekTERM to the parameter selection menu. The current host session remains active but all incom- ing data or data on the display is lost. 4.2 TEKTRONIX KEY EQUIVALENTS ------------------------------------------------------------ The Tektronix 4010 keyboard has a number of non-alphanumeric keys that are not found on an IBM PC keyboard. However, TekTERM provides several key definitions that are func- Section 4. Tektronix 4010 Keyboard Definition 16 tionally equivalent to the missing Tektronix keys. They are defined as: Page The F1 function key is equivalent to the Page key. Rub Out When the backspace key is defined as <del> (ASCII 127), it per- forms the same func- tion as Rub Out. Line Feed The function of the Line Feed key can be simulated with a Ctrl-J combination. Break The break function is simulated by the Ctrl- Break key combination. When Ctrl-Break is pressed, TekTERM sends a break signal to the host lasting approxi- mately 1/2 second. After the signal has been sent, TekTERM sounds a tone to ver- ify the break. For VM/CMS users, the break function will terminate your appli- cation and return you to CP mode or the CMS prompt (.). VAX users have no need for the break key as Ctrl-Y performs a similar function. Reset The F1 key performs a function similar to the Tektronix Reset key. Alt Mode The Alt Mode key on the Tektronix 4010 transmits the ASCII code for a right bracket (]). The function of the key may be simulated by pressing the ]] key. Section 4. Tektronix 4010 Keyboard Definition 17 Thumb Wheels The functions of the cross-hair cursor con- trol wheels located on the right side of the Tektronix terminal are duplicated by the ar- row keys on the right side of the PC key- board. Pressing the arrow keys alone will move the cursor in 10 pixel increments; pressing an arrow key in combination with a shift key causes the cursor to move 1 pixel. Section 4. Tektronix 4010 Keyboard Definition 18 SECTION 5. VT100 KEYBOARD DEFINITION ------------------------------------------------------------ 5.1 FUNCTION KEY DEFINITIONS ------------------------------------------------------------ The ten function keys on the left side of the PC keyboard have special functions in TekTERM VT100 terminal operation mode. They are defined as follows: F1 PF1 sends the codes corre- sponding to the VT100 PF1 key. F2 PF2 sends the codes corre- sponding to the VT100 PF2 key. F3 PF3 sends the codes corre- sponding to the VT100 PF3 key. F4 PF4 sends the codes corre- sponding to the VT100 PF4 key. F5 Line Feed sends a line feed code to the host; commonly causes the cursor to advance one line with- out resetting the col- umn position. F6 Back Space Define toggles the definition of the backspace key on the PC keyboard be- tween ASCII 8 and ASCII 127 without re- turning to the set up screen. F7 TekTERM Help displays the function key definitions. Any information currently on the screen is stored. The F7 key should not be pressed during transmission from the host as data may be lost or cor- rupted. Section 5. VT100 Keyboard Definition 19 F8 No Scroll sends an XOFF charac- ter to the host and data transmission is paused. Pressing F8 again will send an XON to the host and resume transmission. TekTERM will display NO SCROLL on the status line to warn you that trans- mission has been in- terrupted. Note:Note: The Ctrl-S/Ctrl-Q combina- tion performs the same function as the no scroll key and will also display the NO SCROLL status message. F9 Tek 4010 Mode clears the display and returns TekTERM to Tektronix 4010 mode. F10 Set Up returns TekTERM to the parameter selection menu. The current host session remains active but all incom- ing data or data on the display is lost. Section 5. VT100 Keyboard Definition 20 5.2 VT100 KEY EQUIVALENTS ------------------------------------------------------------ The DEC VT100 keyboard has a number of non-alphanumeric keys that are not found on an IBM PC keyboard. However, TekTERM provides several key definitions that are functionally equivalent to the missing VT100 keys. They are defined as: Backspace When the PC backspace key is defined as <bs> (ASCII 08), it per- forms the same func- tion as the VT100 Backspace key. Delete When the PC backspace key is defined as <del> (ASCII 127), it performs the same function as the VT100 Delete key. Break The break function is simulated by the Ctrl- Break key combination. When Ctrl-Break is pressed, TekTERM sends a break signal to the host lasting approxi- mately 1/2 second. After the signal has been sent, TekTERM sounds a tone to ver- ify the break. For VM/CMS users, the break function will terminate your appli- cation and return you to CP mode or the CMS prompt (.). VAX users have no need for the break key as Ctrl-Y performs a similar function. Cursor Keys The VT100 arrow keys are defined as the PC keyboard arrow keys located on the numeric keypad. These must be used in combination with either shift key. Section 5. VT100 Keyboard Definition 21 5.3 VAX EDT KEY DEFINITIONS ------------------------------------------------------------ The EDT editor from Digital Equipment Corporation is a popu- lar full-screen oriented program found on VMS and other DEC operating systems. The EDT program makes full use of the VT100 numeric keypad as function keys. The equivalent PC keys that perform the EDT functions are listed here. Note: In order for these functions to work as listed, the keyboard Num Lock toggle should be set on. Section 5. VT100 Keyboard Definition 22 TekTERM V2.26 Key Definitions DEC VT100 Mode ┌────────┬────────┐ ┌─────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────┐ │PF1 │PF2 │ │ Backspace │ │ │ │ │ │ │ or │ │ Break │ │ │ │ │ Delete │ │ │ ├────────┼────────┤ └─────────────────┼────────┬────────┼────────┬────────┤ │PF3 │PF4 │ │ 7 │ 8 │ 9 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ ├────────┼────────┤ ├────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┤ │Line │Back │ │ 4 │ 5 │ 6 │ │ │Feed │Space │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Define │ │ │ │ │ │ ├────────┼────────┤ ┌────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┤ │ │TekTERM │No │ │ , │ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ │ │Help │Scroll │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ + │ ├────────┼────────┤ ├────┌───┴───┐────┼────┌───┴───┐────┤ │ │Tek 4010│Set Up │ │ │ 0 │ │ │ . │ │ │ │Mode │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────────┴────────┘ └────└───────┘────┴────└───────┘────┴────────┘ TekTERM V2.26 Key Definitions VAX/VMS V4.2 EDT Help Screen ┌────────┬────────┐ ┌─────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────┐ │GOLD │Help │ │ Backspace │ │ │ │ │ │ │ or │ │ Break │ │ │ │ │ Delete │ │ │ ├────────┼────────┤ └─────────────────┼────────┬────────┼────────┬────────┤ │Find Nxt│Del Line│ │Page │Section │Append │Del Word│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Find │Und Line│ │Command │Fill │Replace │Und Word│ ├────────┼────────┤ ├────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┤ │Line │Back │ │Advance │Backup │Cut │ │ │Feed │Space │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Define │ │Bottom │Top │Paste │ │ ├────────┼────────┤ ┌────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┤ │ │TekTERM │No │ │Del Char│Word │EOL │Char │Enter │ │Help │Scroll │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Und Char│Chngcase│Del EOL │Specins │Subs │ ├────────┼────────┤ ├────┌───┴───┐────┼────┌───┴───┐────┤ │ │Tek 4010│Set Up │ │ │Line │ │ │Select │ │ │ │Mode │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Open L │ │ │Reset │ │ │ └────────┴────────┘ └────└───────┘────┴────└───────┘────┴────────┘ ' Section 5. VT100 Keyboard Definition 23 SECTION 6. TEKTERM APL MODE ------------------------------------------------------------ The APL language interpreter is a symbol-oriented program found on micro, mini, and mainframe computers. Most termi- nals do not provide the special characters necessary for the APL environment; however, TekTERM will allow the APL pro- grammer to view these symbols. The APL character set is available only in TekTERM 4010 mode. APL Mode is initialized by selecting the F4 key on the left side of the PC keyboard. It remains in effect un- til F4 is depressed again. The operation of TekTERM in APL Mode is similar to standard operation. The main difference is that the terminal remains in graphics mode while APL is in effect. The F1 Page key will not set the display to text mode, but it will reset the terminal and clear the graphics display. The color selected for the Graphics Color parameter will be in effect. While TekTERM is in APL mode, the standard upper-case let- ters are replaced by the APL character set. The non- alphabetic keys also provide different characters. Section 6. TekTERM APL Mode 24 SECTION 7. PICTURE FILE CAPTURE ------------------------------------------------------------ The F7 key on the PC keyboard will allow you to save a graphic image from the display screen to a disk file. The utility program, TTUTIL, allows you to recall and re-display a recorded image while TekTERM is off-line. When you select F7 (Picture File Capture), the graphic image will momentarily disappear. TekTERM displays ++ TekTERM V2.26 Picture File Capture ++ || || || Picture File Name : || || || || || || || ++ ++ Enter a file name of eight characters or less. TekTERM will automatically create a file on the default drive with an ex- tension of .PIC. When the picture file has been saved, TekTERM restores the graphic image to the display and re- turns on-line. Note: Each picture file requires about 16KB of disk space. Section 7. Picture File Capture 25 7.1 TTUTIL -- THE PICTURE FILE MANAGER ------------------------------------------------------------ The TTUTIL program is included on the TekTERM diskette to allow you to review and print picture files that you've saved during a previous TekTERM session. TTUTIL is a sepa- rate command issued from DOS; it is not issued from the TekTERM terminal emulation program. 7.2 RECALLING PICTURE FILES ------------------------------------------------------------ To invoke TTUTIL, enter TTUTIL <cr>. When TTUTIL is called, it displays Picture File Name : Enter the name of the picture file that you want to see. You only need to specify the filename (eight characters or less); TTUTIL will add the extension .PIC. If the corre- sponding picture file is present, it will be recalled and displayed. You may change the color of the displayed plot and of subse- quent plots by selecting the Alt-C combination. Tap any key to return to the first TTUTIL screen. You can exit TTUTIL by pressing [ENTER] in response to the picture file prompt. The TTUTIL program may also be executed directly from DOS or a batch file with all parameters placed on the command line. The format for the TTUTIL command is TTUTIL picture [delay] <cr> where picture is the picture file name and delay is the num- ber of two-second intervals (0-9) for the plot to remain on the screen. If no value is entered for delay, TTUTIL de- faults to eighteen seconds. Additionally, specifying zero or * for delay will cause TTUTIL to leave the plot on the display indefinitely. Note: You may also change the display color in batch mode with the Alt-C combination. If a delay count is in effect, it will be reset. 7.3 PRINTING A PICTURE FILE ------------------------------------------------------------ If you have a graphics printer, TTUTIL can also be used to obtain a hardcopy of the screen image. Two TTUTIL commands Section 7. Picture File Capture 26 will produce a high quality screen dump to your attached printer. Alt-1 Produces a small (approximately 5x2.5 inches) image with normal orientation. The detail is good at the cost of size and aspect ratio. Alt-2 Produces a larger image, rotated 90 degrees. This image is similar to that produced by the DOS GRAPHICS.COM, but is not as large. The aspect ratio is preserved. The printers supported by TTUTIL include the IBM Graphics Printer, the IBM ProPrinter, the EPSON RX-80 and FX-80, the Okimate 20 and other Okidata printers. In general, any printer compatible with the EPSON bit-image graphics modes will work fine. Note: If your printer works with the DOS GRAPHICS command, it should work with TTUTIL. Section 7. Picture File Capture 27 APPENDIX A. USING TEKTERM WITH VM/CMS ------------------------------------------------------------ The following appendix is included as an aid to VM/CMS users who may not be familiar with using a graphics terminal. The TekTERM program emulates (makes the PC behave as if it were) a Tektronix 4010 terminal. Thus your PC will now share the properties of this terminal. In addition to being able to execute graphics programs, you will be able to create and modify files using line mode editing commands. A.1 SPECIFYING YOUR DEFAULT CONFIGURATION FILE ------------------------------------------------------------ The TekTERM distribution diskette contains 4 configuration files described in the Preface. If you are using a high- speed local area network connection, copy the file CMSLOCAL.CFG as TT.CFG; if you are using a dial-in phone line, copy the file CMSMODEM.CFG as TT.CFG and check that its baud rate matches that of your modem using the Alt-S op- tion from the first TekTERM selection screen. A.2 LOGGING ON ------------------------------------------------------------ Execute the TekTERM program by typing TEK. The first panel will appear and you will be prompted for a choice. Press the Alt and C keys simultaneously. o If you are connected through a local area network, your system prompt should now appear. In order to be able to use the graphics capabilities of your terminal, you will have to log on in line mode. o If you are using a dial-in line with a modem, follow your normal logon procedure. A.3 DEFINING THE CHARACTER DELETE KEY ------------------------------------------------------------ As the default, CMS defines the @ as the character delete symbol. If you make a mistake while entering text in line mode, type as many @'s as necessary to cancel the incorrect characters and then resume entering the command. Many indi- viduals find it convenient to define the backspace key (left pointing arrow above the [ENTER] key on the standard PC key- board) as the delete character. This can be accomplished by entering the command: CP TERM CHARDEL <-- Appendix A. Using TekTERM with VM/CMS 28 where <-- is the backspace key on the PC keyboard. Note: In order for this to work correctly, the Backspace Sends option in your TekTERM configuration file should be set to <bs>. If you plan to use graphics extensively, you may wish to include the CP TERM CHARDEL <-- command in the PROFILE EXEC file on your host system. A.4 LISTING THE FILES ON YOUR USERID ------------------------------------------------------------ Do not use the FL or FLIST command to list your files; use the LF (LISTFILE) command instead. Enter HELP LISTFILE from CMS for a discussion of this command. A.5 CREATING OR MODIFYING FILES IN LINE MODE ------------------------------------------------------------ TekTERM supports CMS in line mode; full-screen editing fea- tures are not available.(6) However, line mode CMS does sup- port extensive editing capabilities. Both EDIT or XEDIT may be used. Some of the most useful line editing commands in- clude INPUT, NEXT, UP, DELETE, REPLACE, and CHANGE. Infor- mation about these commands may be obtain by entering: HELP XEDIT command-name or HELP EDIT command-name where command-name is the name of the command for which you would like to obtain more information. ---------------- 6 Certain ASCII protocol converters for full-screen CMS will support TekTERM in VT100 mode. Appendix A. Using TekTERM with VM/CMS 29 APPENDIX B. USING TEKTERM WITH VAX/VMS ------------------------------------------------------------ B.1 USING TEKTRONIX MODE ------------------------------------------------------------ The VMS operating system assumes your terminal is not capa- ble of automatically wrapping to the next line when the right margin has been reached. Therefore, if 80 characters have been sent since the last <cr>, VMS automatically sends a <cr>. Since a Tektronix data stream is usually longer than 80 characters, you should specify to VMS that these carriage returns not be added. This can be accomplished by the following command: SET TERM/UNKNOWN/NOWRAP/FORM <cr> Alternatively, these options may be assigned to a command defined within your LOGIN.COM file. For example, if you add the following line to LOGIN.COM, $TEK :== SET TERM/UNKNOWN/NOWRAP/FORM you only need to type TEK <cr> to instruct the host to prop- erly handle the terminal for executing graphics programs. B.2 USING VT100 MODE ------------------------------------------------------------ Newer versions of the VMS operating system include support for DECs own ANSI terminals. Programs such as MAIL, PHONE, and MONITOR will take advantage of these features of your termnial and the operating system. You must, however, tell VMS that you are using a VT100 terminal. The command SET TERM/VT100 <cr> will set-up VMS with all the parameters needed to operate TekTERM in VT100 mode. As with the Tektronix set-up, you may wish to include these options in your LOGIN.COM file. For example, if you add the following line to LOGIN.COM, $VT100 :== SET TERM/VT100 you only need to type VT100 <cr> to instruct the host to properly manage the terminal for executing ANSI compatible programs. For more information on the SET TERM command, enter HELP SET TERM <cr> Appendix B. Using TekTERM With VAX/VMS 30 APPENDIX C. TEKTRONIX PROTOCOL ------------------------------------------------------------ The Tektronix protocol uses printable ASCII characters (32-127) to calculate device screen coordinates and create vectors. X and Y screen positions are transmitted as two bytes each, the high byte and low byte. The coordinate is formed by stripping the three most significant bits of each byte and appending them to form a ten-bit value (0-1023). The true Tektronix 4010 screen has an addressibility of 1024 horizontal by 780 vertical while the IBM graphics board has only 640 by 200 resolution. Therefore, some loss of detail may occur due to data round-off error. Other ASCII codes and escape sequences cause the 4010 termi- nal to enter one of four operating modes. These modes are: Mode Terminal Action GRAPH interpret all printable ASCII char- acters as screen coordinates and draw visible vectors. The first vector drawn upon entry into graph mode is dark; that is, the cursor is moved and no line appears. All vectors are drawn from the previous coordinates to the current coordi- nates. GIN display the cross-hair cursor al- lowing user to position it as needed. Report the cursor position to the host when requested. TEXT display all ASCII characters as transmitted. Perform TTY interpre- tation of CR, LF, BS, TAB, BEL, etc. ECHO SUPPRESSION do not process any data echoed by the host and accept only certain control sequences. This mode is entered automatically after a GIN report to prevent interpretation of echoed data. Some of the sequences and codes that are pertinent to these modes and that TekTERM understands are listed here. Appendix C. Tektronix Protocol 31 Sequence Terminal Response GS (29) Sends terminal into dark vector mode. The first vector drawn is dark, all subsequent vectors are visible. CR (13) Clears GIN and GRAPH mode to TEXT mode. Has normal effect in TEXT mode. ESC FF (27 12) Resets terminal X and Y coordi- nates. Clears display and resets GRAPH, GIN, and ECHO SUPPRESSION modes. US (31) Clears GRAPH mode. Appendix C. Tektronix Protocol 32 APPENDIX D. VT100 ESCAPE SEQUENCES ------------------------------------------------------------ The following table summarizes the ANSI and DEC private es- cape sequences interpreted by TekTERM in VT100 mode. These sequences may be included in host software to cause TekTERM to perform various functions. As an example, a Pascal statement to move the cursor to po- sition 10,10 (using the HVP sequence) would be Write (Chr (27),'[10;10f'); An equivalent pair of FORTRAN statements would be WRITE (*,100) CHAR(27) 100 FORMAT (A2,'[10;10f') An equivalent BASIC statement would be PRINT CHR(27),"[10;10f"; An equivalent statement in C would be printf ("%c[10;10f",\033); Name Description and Sequence CPR Cursor Position Report ESC [ Pn; Pn R CUB Cursor Backward ESC [ Pn D CUD Cursor Down ESC [ Pn B CUF Cursor Forward ESC [ Pn C CUP Cursor Position ESC [ Pn; Pn H CUU Cursor Up ESC [ Pn A DA Device Attributes ESC [ Pn c DECKPAM Keypad Application Mode ESC = Appendix D. VT100 Escape Sequences 33 DECKPNM Keypad Numeric Mode ESC > DECRC Restore Cursor ESC 8 DECSC Save Cursor ESC 7 DECSTBM Set Top and Bottom Mar- gins ESC [ Pn; Pn r DSR Device Status Report ESC [ Ps n ED Erase In Display ESC [ Ps J EL Erase Line ESC [ Ps K HTS Horizontal Tabulation Set ESC H HVP Horizontal and Vertical Position ESC [ Pn; Pn f IND Index ESC D NEL Next Line ESC E RI Reverse Index ESC M SCS Select Character Set ESC ) 0 ESC ) B ESC ( 0 ESC ( B SGR Select Graphic Rendition ESC [ Ps;.; Ps m TBC Tabulation Clear ESC [ Ps g Appendix D. VT100 Escape Sequences 34 APPENDIX E. ABOUT TEKTERM ------------------------------------------------------------ The TekTERM program was developed while the author was a student at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni- versity in Blacksburg, Virginia during 1984 through 1986. It was tested and debugged by faculty and students of the College of Engineering before being made generally available to all staff and students of the university. The program was tested using a variety of in-house programs running on both an IBM 4341 and IBM 308x processor complex under VM/CMS, and a VAX 11/780 running VMS. The Tektronix portion of TekTERM executed software incorporating the Tektronix TCS and AGII programming libraries, as well as the Tektronix Interactive Graphing Package (IGP), SAS Insti- tute's SAS/Graph, engineering software from SDRC (I-DEAS), and MOVIE.BYU. It was also tested using the VAX/VMS Graph- ics Kernel System (GKS/0b) as device type 72. The VT100 portion of TekTERM was tested using the VAX EDT editor and the VMS operating system V4.1. It was also used to run full-screen VM/CMS through the Yale University ASCII protocol converter (Yterm). The communication kernels were tested on dial-up and local area network lines at all available baud rates and parity settings. TekTERM itself was executed on a variety of IBM PCs including the PC Portable and the PC AT with various amounts of memory. The original TekTERM program was written in IBM BASIC and compiled with the IBM BASIC Compiler V1.00. As the program expanded and the need for speed grew, it was rewritten in 8086/8088 and assembled with the Microsoft Macro Assembler V3.00. Development took place on a two-drive PC with 256KB memory using the IBM Personal Editor V2.00. The program employs its own interrupt-driven communication buffer handler. The BIOS is used to initialize the communi- cations port, but all further I/O is handled through inter- rupts provided by the asynchronous communications adapter. The buffer is allocated at assembly at 2048 bytes. TekTERM performs extensive windowing of screen data for the display of help information, etc. The memory for windowing is allocated dynamically to minimize the size of the pro- gram. I would like to thank Drs. R.G. Leonard and R.G. Mitchiner of the Mechanical Engineering department at VPI & SU for their endless suggestions and bug locating. Appendix E. About TekTERM 35 APPENDIX F. PROBLEM REPORT FORM ------------------------------------------------------------ TekTERM Development 1700 Hollindale Drive Alexandria, VA 22306 Please use this form and fill out all necessary information when reporting software bugs or documentation discrepencies. We are interested in knowing about and fixing them. ------------------------------------------------------------ Registered Name ------------------------------------------------------------ Telephone Extension ------------------------------------------------------------ Address ------------------------------------------------------------ City State Zip HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ------------------------------------------------------------ Computer Manufacturer and Model ------------------------------------------------------------ Graphics Card Manufacturer and Model ------------------------------------------------------------ Monitor Manufacturer and Model ------------------------------------------------------------ Communications Adapter (or Internal Modem) Manufacturer and Model ------------------------------------------------------------ External Modem Manufacturer and Model PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Baud Rate __________________ Duplex _______________________ Parity _____________________ Communications Port __________ Appendix F. PROBLEM REPORT FORM 36 Data Bits __________________ Stop Bits __________________ On the reverse side, please describe as completely as possi- ble the problem and the circumstances under which it oc- curred. If applicable, please describe how to reproduce the problem. Appendix F. PROBLEM REPORT FORM 37 INDEX -A- -F- AGII 2 function keys 14 APL mode 15, 23 Tektronix mode 14 VT100 18 -B- -G- backspace key 9 configuring 15 gin mode 9 definition of 9, 19 terminate character 9 baud rate 6, 14 setting 6 break 17 -H- help 15, 19 -C- colors 9 -I- setting 9 communication port 8 IGP 2 COM1: 8 COM2: 8 configuration 5, 10 -L- default 10 modifying 10 line feed key 17, 19 configuration file 10 recording 10 -M- -D- modem 13 data bits 7 setting 7 -N- default 5 duplex 2, 7 no scroll 16, 19 full 7 half 7 of the modem 2 -P- setting 7 page key 17 parameters 6 -E- modifying 13 setting 6 EDT editor 2, 22 parity 6 setting 6 parity bit 7 picture files 16 capturing 16 recall 26 PLOT-10 2 Index 38 -R- -T- rub out key 17 TCS 2 -S- -V- SAS/GRAPH 2 VT100 1 snoop mode 15 status line 14 stop bits 7 -4- setting 7 4010 1 Index 39